Nitrogen (N)
Plays a very important role in various plant physiological processes. It imparts dark-green color in plants, promotes leaves, stem and other vegetative part’s growth and development. Moreover, it also stimulates root growth. N produces rapid early growth, enhances the growth of leafy vegetables, and increases protein content of fodder crops.

Phosphorus (P)
Is essential in photosynthesis and respiration. Seeds have the highest concentration of P in a mature plant, and P is required in large quantities in young cells, such as shoots and root tips, where metabolism is high and cell division is rapid. P aids in root development, flower initiation, and seed and fruit development.

Potassium (K)
Is vital for plant metabolism. It helps in the development of a strong and healthy root system and increases the efficiency of the uptake and use of nitrogen and other nutrients. K helps photosynthesis, regulates the water status in the plant and plays an essential part in the formation of starch and in the production and translocation of sugars. K not only increases yields but also enhances fruit quality, improving flavor and color and increasing the size.

Magnesium (Mg)
Is a major constituent of the chlorophyll molecule, and it is therefore actively involved in photosynthesis. It aids phosphate absorption and translocation, serving as a carrier of phosphate compounds through the plant. Mg facilitates translocation of carbohydrates (sugars and starches) and enhances the production of oils and fats.

Calcium (Ca)
Has a main role as a structural nutrient in the plant, being essential for cell division and playing a core role in the stability of cell walls and cell membranes. Calcium prevents sensitive calcium physiological disorders, in many crops, like tip burn, blossom end rot, bitter pit and fruit cracking. Ca is fundamental for fruit quality; it improves fruit firmness and fruit shelf-life.

Organic Matter
Primarily composed of carbon, organic matter in soil has direct benefits for agricultural production. Soil organic matter plays a vital part in enhancing soil fertility and quality, on three levels: chemical (capacity to store and supply essential nutrients), physical (improve soil structure and water holding capacity), and biological (enhance biodiversity, improve microorganisms’ activity, and capture carbon).